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A Self-Determination Theory-Informed Gamification Framework for Preventive Wellness
Ayesha Thanthrige1, Nilmini Wickramasinghe1
1School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract:
Digital wellness interventions for preventive health, such as prediabetes management, often face high dropout rates due to insufficient personalisation and motivational support. This design science research study presents a self-determination theory (SDT)-informed gamification framework to address these challenges. Drawing on a systematic literature review, the study identifies engagement barriers, facilitators, and empirical evidence to guide design. The framework maps strategies to SDT's core constructs: autonomy (user-defined goals with structured guidance and selectable difficulty levels), competence (adaptive challenges with badges and points), and relatedness (collaboration-focused progress sharing). The framework was co-designed with 20 young adults in Australia and validated by six multidisciplinary experts. The study revealed that 60% of participants felt overwhelmed with fully open goal setting, highlighting that structured guidance is essential for autonomy support in preventive wellness applications. These findings informed the development of MiCARE, a progressive web app that operationalises the framework with user-centred, motivationally aligned features. This study offers a replicable, theory-driven approach for designing engaging preventive wellness interventions.
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