Functional Bi-MOFs and Their Derivatives: From Structural Engineering to Multifunctional Applications in Energy,...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Bismuth-based metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) are a novel class of porous materials.
• Their unique properties stem from bismuth(III) (Bi(III)) chemistry, including structural tunability and biocompatibility.
• However, Bi(III) coordination chemistry presents challenges in predictable structure formation, porosity, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically analyze the structure-property relationships of Bi-MOFs.
• To critically discuss the influence of ligand families on Bi-MOF frameworks.
• To summarize strategies for Bi-MOF derivatization and highlight their applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on Bi-MOF synthesis and characterization.
• Analysis of structure-property correlations in Bi-MOFs.
• Discussion of derivatization strategies and application-based performance.

Main Results:

• Bi(III) coordination chemistry significantly influences Bi-MOF design, topology, and stability.
• Carboxylates, phosphonates, and phenolates are key ligand families affecting framework properties.
• Bi-MOFs can be transformed into various functional derivatives (carbons, oxides, sulfides, phosphides).

Conclusions:

• Bi-MOFs exhibit diverse applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and environmental remediation.
• The relationship between precursor structure and functional performance is crucial.
• Bi-MOFs are best viewed as specialized functional platforms for developing advanced materials, rather than universal MOF substitutes.