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Published on: August 14, 2021
Leptospira-host interactions: advancing next-generation vaccines and diagnostics
Bothammal Palanisamy1, Syed M Faisal1
1Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 16, 2026
Summary
Leptospirosis control is hampered by diagnostic and vaccine gaps. This review explores Leptospira-host interactions and emerging technologies to advance leptospirosis diagnostics and vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease globally, especially in tropical/subtropical areas.
- Current control is limited by a lack of rapid diagnostics and effective vaccines.
- Understanding Leptospira-host interactions is crucial for disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding Leptospira-host interactions.
- To highlight limitations in current vaccines and diagnostics.
- To discuss emerging technologies for next-generation vaccines and diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review focusing on virulence factors, immune evasion, and host responses.
- Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of Leptospira infection.
- Evaluation of emerging technologies like pan-genomics, proteomics, and immunoinformatics.
Main Results:
- Identified key virulence factors and immune evasion strategies of Leptospira.
- Detailed host immune responses influencing leptospirosis outcomes.
- Highlighted the potential of omics-based approaches for antigen discovery.
Conclusions:
- Emerging technologies offer promising avenues for developing improved leptospirosis vaccines and diagnostics.
- Addressing translational challenges is vital for clinical management and prevention.
- Insights may benefit other zoonotic bacterial infection control efforts.
Keywords:
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