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Development of a Virtual Transition Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Three-Stage
Sarah Cary Haynes1,2,3,4, Patrick S Romano2,5, Salvador Lopez1
1Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, 4610 X Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States, 1 9167345627.
JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
|July 16, 2026
Summary
Adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can benefit from a low-cost virtual program designed to ease their transition to adult care. This human-centered intervention, featuring peer support and expert guidance, addresses key needs for managing T1D during this critical period.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face significant risks during the transition from pediatric to adult care, particularly those from low-income backgrounds.
- Current T1D care guidelines recommend early transition programs, but resource limitations hinder the scalability and accessibility of existing models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and refine a low-cost, virtual intervention using a human-centered design approach to support T1D transitions for publicly insured AYAs.
- To address identified challenges and opportunities in T1D transition care through provider and patient-centered insights.
Main Methods:
- A human-centered design approach, guided by the "3I" model (inspiration, ideation, implementation), was employed.
- Semistructured interviews with 26 providers and 36 adopters/influencers (including AYAs, endocrinologists, diabetes educators) informed intervention development.
- The intervention, consisting of two virtual group sessions led by a diabetes educator and peer mentors, was tested with 3 cohorts (n=25) of publicly insured AYAs (aged 17-21).
Main Results:
- The virtual intervention included education on managing T1D as an adult, healthcare navigation, transition planning, peer mentorship, and Q&A sessions.
- Facilitators and mentors reported high feasibility (mean 4.25) and appropriateness (mean 4.43) of the intervention.
- Qualitative feedback highlighted peer support and lived-experience mentorship as key engagement drivers, informing ongoing adaptations to content and delivery.
Conclusions:
- The human-centered virtual transition intervention effectively addressed priorities of AYAs, peer mentors, and clinicians, emphasizing peer support, non-judgmental discussion, and self-advocacy.
- While engagement varied, findings support further refinement and evaluation of this accessible T1D transition program in diverse settings.
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