General Anesthesia Versus Non-GA in Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Bayesian...

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion, yet the optimal anesthetic strategy remains controversial. Previous meta-analyses using frequentist methods reported no significant differences between general anesthesia (GA) and non-GA techniques; however, a recently published trial reported a high posterior probability of functional benefit with GA. We aimed to update the existing systematic review and to re-examine the cumulative randomized evidence using Bayesian statistical methods.

We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to January 3, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GA with non-GA strategies during EVT in adults with AIS. Primary outcomes were functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-2) at 90 days, successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia 2b-3), and 90-day mortality. Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses with weakly informative priors were performed. Results are reported as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). A posterior probability of superiority exceeding 80% was considered substantial evidence of benefit. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Ten RCTs (n = 1,601; mean age 70.0 years; 46.6% female) were included. For functional independence, GA was associated with a 94.2% posterior probability of superiority (OR 1.24, 95% CrI 0.94-1.66). GA was associated with higher successful reperfusion rates (OR 1.73, 95% CrI 1.23-2.43; P (superiority) > 99%). No substantial differences were observed for 90-day mortality (OR 0.92, 95% CrI 0.67-1.27; P [superiority] 69%), excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1; OR 1.06, 95% CrI 0.80-1.41; P [superiority] 67%), or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.93, 95% CrI 0.56-1.52; P [superiority] 62%). GA was associated with increased intraoperative hypotension (OR 4.28, 95% CrI 2.35-7.86; P [superiority] 0.01%) and increased pneumonia risk (OR 1.60, 95% CrI 0.95-2.81; P [superiority] 3%).

This meta-analysis using a Bayesian approach provides evidence that GA during EVT for AIS is associated with improved functional outcomes, challenging previous conclusions of equivalence. These findings should be interpreted considering open-label designs and heterogeneous non-GA comparators. They suggest that GA may be preferred but confirmatory evidence is needed.