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Quantifying the Polarization of Vaccine Policymaking Across State Legislatures
Matt Motta1, Timothy Callaghan1
1The authors are with the Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Antivaccine legislation has surged since the COVID-19 pandemic, with 86% of bills sponsored by Republican lawmakers. This partisan trend in vaccine policy may threaten public health by potentially lowering vaccination rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Political Science
- Health Policy
Background:
- Antivaccine sentiment and legislative activity have emerged as significant public health concerns.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified debates surrounding vaccine policies and mandates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify partisan differences in the introduction of legislation opposing vaccine mandates and related policies.
- To analyze trends in "antivaccine" policymaking across US state legislatures.
Main Methods:
- Developed and validated a protocol for manual content coding of vaccine-related bill introductions.
- Analyzed bill introductions from 2019 to 2023 across US state legislatures.
- Assessed partisan asymmetries in bill introductions over time using descriptive statistics and multivariate models.
Main Results:
- The volume of antivaccine bills has steadily increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began.
- A strong partisan asymmetry was observed, with 86% of antivaccine bills sponsored by Republican lawmakers.
- Dozens of antivaccine bills have been enacted into law, indicating policy impact.
Conclusions:
- Significant partisan polarization characterizes vaccine-related bill introductions post-COVID-19.
- This polarization may drive increased antivaccine legislative activity, potentially impacting vaccine coverage.
- Understanding these trends is crucial for public health strategies aimed at maintaining vaccination rates.
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