Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Embedded Bioprinting of Tissue-like Structures Using κ-Carrageenan Sub-Microgel Medium
Published on: May 3, 2024
Κ-Carrageenan reinforces Succinylated walnut protein emulsion gels to modulate water distribution, digestion
Weizhuo Zhu1, Yongliang Zhuang1, Liping Sun1
1Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
Abstract:
This study prepared composite emulsion gels using succinylated walnut protein (SWP) and different concentrations of κ-carrageenan, and investigated their network structure, rheological and textural properties, and digestive behavior, with astaxanthin used as a model compound to evaluate encapsulation efficiency and bioaccessibility. SWP-1 exhibited the highest hardness (185.3) and the highest cohesiveness value (22.3). Regarding rheological behavior, SWP-1 also showed superior elasticity, viscosity, and creep-recovery behavior. Succinylation improved the water-holding capacity, while κ-carrageenan further enhanced network compactness, water-binding capacity, and gel stability. The composite emulsion gels improved the encapsulation efficiency and intestinal bioaccessibility of astaxanthin by regulating protein hydrolysis and lipid digestion. SWP-0.5 exhibited a high astaxanthin encapsulation efficiency (96.5%) and bioaccessibility. SWP-1 formed a denser and more rigid network structure, thereby showing better textural and rheological properties, whereas SWP-0.5 achieved a better balance between structural stability and digestive accessibility and exhibited the highest loading capacity and astaxanthin bioaccessibility.
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
