Gaps in physiotherapy capacity to provide Long COVID rehabilitation care

Long COVID is a complex multisystemic condition often associated with persistent cardiorespiratory symptoms. Rehabilitation is key for managing symptoms, but there are questions about the capacity of rehabilitation professionals to provide effective care.

This study assessed the capacity of physiotherapists (PTs) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to provide Long COVID rehabilitation care.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among registered PTs in BC between March and August 2024. The survey covered demographics, current clinical practice, experience with Long COVID, and professional development needs. Descriptive statistics, content analysis, and the WHO Health System Building Blocks Framework were used.

A total of 139 PTs completed the survey. The largest proportion of respondents were women (46%) with a mean of 10 (0-47) years of clinical practice. While 44% had treated Long COVID patients, 69% lacked confidence in assessing and managing the condition. PTs had expertise in musculoskeletal symptoms but limited knowledge in treating other common key Long COVID symptoms such as fatigue (17%) and dyspnea (7%). Nearly half required further training in Long COVID-specific patient education. 45% reported the capacity to accommodate Long COVID patients. However, systemic challenges were identified as barriers to effective rehabilitation, including funding shortages, limited workforce, and fragmented care.

Many physiotherapists have the capacity to accept patients with Long COVID, yet require targeted training in cardiorespiratory care, energy conservation for fatigue and post-exertional malaise, and mental health support. Standardized pathways and interdisciplinary networks are critical for effective Long COVID rehabilitation.