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Sustainable construction materials performance evaluation of PMSWA-enhanced solid blocks through response modeling
Durgalakshmi Sagayakannan1, Vandana Ahuja2, Vigneshkannan Suresh3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Scientific Reports
|July 16, 2026
Summary
This study introduces Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) as a sustainable construction material, replacing fine aggregate in solid blocks. An optimal 30% PMSWA replacement enhances strength and durability.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Civil Engineering
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a growing global environmental concern, projected to reach 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050.
- Traditional construction materials contribute to environmental burden; sustainable alternatives are crucial for mitigating waste.
- Fly ash is a conventional industrial by-product, but this study explores Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) for higher-level replacement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the feasibility of using Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in solid blocks.
- To determine the optimal replacement percentage of PMSWA based on mechanical properties and durability criteria.
- To analyze the influence of PMSWA on the load-carrying capacity and water absorption of solid blocks.
Main Methods:
- Solid blocks (CM 1:5) were cast with PMSWA replacing fine aggregate at proportions from 0% to 50%.
- Mechanical properties (compressive strength) and durability properties (water absorption) were tested.
- Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to model interactions between replacement level and curing period.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological analysis.
Main Results:
- An optimum replacement level of 30% PMSWA was determined, meeting both strength and durability requirements (water absorption ≤ 10%).
- A 40% PMSWA replacement showed reduced strength and water absorption above 10%, making it unsuitable for critical durability applications.
- RSM analysis provided insights into the relationship between PMSWA content, curing time, and block performance.
- SEM analysis confirmed the composition and particle behavior within the PMSWA-modified blocks.
Conclusions:
- Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) can be effectively utilized as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate in solid blocks.
- A 30% PMSWA replacement offers a balanced performance in terms of strength and durability.
- This research presents a promising approach for waste valorization in the construction industry, contributing to sustainable development.
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