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Military Occupational Blast Exposure: Definition, Operationalization, and Validation of a Reproducible Risk

Sarah L Martindale1, Jared A Rowland, Jennifer N Belding

  • 1Author Affiliations: Salisbury VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, North Carolina (Martindale and Rowland); VISN-6 Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham, North Carolina (Martindale and Rowland); Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Martindale and Rowland); Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD (Belding). Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (Amuan, Kennedy, Nguyen, and Pugh); Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (Amuan, Kennedy, Nguyen and Pugh); VA Brain Health Coordinating Center (Brenner and Cifu); University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (Brenner); Department of Nephrology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (Stewart); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (Cifu); and Central Virginia Veteran Healthcare System, Richmond Veterans Affair Medical Center, Richmond, VA (Cifu).

The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
|July 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new Military Occupational Blast Exposure (MOBE) risk classification system identifies high-risk occupations. This practical approach aids in understanding blast exposure and injury patterns when individual data is limited.

Keywords:
Veteranblastmilitaryneurotraumatraumatic brain injury

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