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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
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In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
Published on: December 2, 2012
NGS-diagnosed HBV encephalitis with isolated left parietal lobe involvement: a case report
Zihan Zhou1,2, Zhangning Zhou1,2, Longqi Zhang3,4
1Department of Geriatrics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
Virology Journal
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encephalitis is rare and presents with nonspecific symptoms like fever and seizures. Early diagnosis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and prompt antiviral treatment are crucial for recovery.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Hepatology
Background:
- Viral encephalitis involves brain inflammation, presenting with nonspecific symptoms like fever, seizures, and altered consciousness.
- Diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms and incomplete patient history, potentially leading to treatment delays.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encephalitis.
- To emphasize the diagnostic utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in identifying uncommon central nervous system (CNS) infections.
Main Methods:
- A case study of a chronic HBV carrier presenting with encephalitis symptoms.
- Diagnosis was confirmed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Main Results:
- The patient presented with unconsciousness, fever, and seizures, with neuroimaging showing isolated left parietal lobe involvement.
- NGS confirmed HBV as the causative agent.
- Antiviral therapy with entecavir led to symptom resolution and near-complete lesion regression on MRI.
Conclusions:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare but should be considered in patients with encephalitis.
- Nonspecific clinical presentations and isolated neuroimaging findings can mask HBV encephalitis.
- Early and accurate pathogen identification via NGS is vital for timely and effective treatment, preventing misdiagnosis.
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