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Specifying pathway requirements for mobile outreach cancer testing before rollout: an implementation-aware Target
Patrick Kierkegaard1,2, Bowen Su3,4, Masood Moghul5,6
1Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College London and the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. P.Kierkegaard@imperial.ac.uk.
Implementation Science Communications
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Developing an implementation-aware Target Product Profile (iTPP) standardizes mobile cancer testing outreach. The iTPP method ensures essential service components are defined before implementation, improving governance and accessibility.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Services Research
- Implementation Science
Background:
- Mobile cancer-testing services increase access but require robust planning beyond the diagnostic test itself.
- Tasks like eligibility explanation, informed consent, privacy, and follow-up are critical for service governance.
- The Target Product Profile (TPP) framework, adapted into an implementation-aware TPP (iTPP), addresses these complexities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To adapt the Target Product Profile (TPP) concept for mobile outreach cancer-testing services.
- To develop a structured method (iTPP) for defining essential requirements of these services before implementation.
- To guide the planning and governance of mobile cancer-testing pathways.
Main Methods:
- A qualitative method-development study was conducted using the Man Van mobile prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing pathway as a case example.
- Interviews were held with service users, planning stakeholders, and prospective stakeholders (total n=46).
- The Framework Method and abductive analysis were used to extract and structure delivery and handover requirements into a register.
Main Results:
- A 42-attribute register was developed, covering outreach legitimacy, privacy, deliverability, test performance, counselling, and data integration.
- Key handover requirements included result ownership, record integration, safety-netting, and clear responsibility acceptance.
- Factors like diagnostic thresholds and equity effects were identified as areas needing further evidence rather than universal requirements.
Conclusions:
- The iTPP provides a pre-rollout framework for specifying mobile outreach cancer-testing pathways.
- It distinguishes between essential, context-dependent, and evidence-pending requirements.
- The PSA pathway exemplar demonstrates the iTPP's utility in preparing services for local adaptation and evaluation.
