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Mitja Nabergoj1, Ribal Bou Mjahed1, Valentin Basset1
1Service et laboratoire central d'hématologie, Département d'oncologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, et Faculté de biologie et médecine, Université de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne.
Revue Medicale Suisse
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Monocytosis, often secondary to other conditions, may indicate a hematologic malignancy if no cause is found. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia presents with specific blood cell abnormalities and can transform into leukemia.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Monocytosis is a frequent hematologic finding, usually linked to an underlying condition.
- Unexplained monocytosis warrants investigation for potential hematologic malignancies.
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) bridges myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the key features and implications of monocytosis.
- To highlight the diagnostic considerations for unexplained monocytosis.
- To describe the characteristics and management of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of monocytosis and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation of CMML.
- Review of treatment options, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Main Results:
- Monocytosis often signifies an underlying pathology.
- Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) is defined by persistent monocytosis, cytopenias, myeloid proliferation, and splenomegaly.
- Aggressive CMML carries a risk of leukemic transformation.
Conclusions:
- Persistent or unexplained monocytosis requires thorough evaluation for hematologic malignancy.
- Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) is a distinct entity with specific clinical and hematologic features.
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the sole curative treatment for advanced CMML.