Enhanced Endogenous GABA Biosynthesis Modifies Fruit Production and GABA Accumulation in a Medium-Sized Tomato...

While exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhances plant stress tolerance, fruit responses to increased endogenous GABA biosynthesis remain unclear. Although high-GABA traits mitigate productivity loss in cherry tomatoes under salt stress, salinity responses differ among cultivars, and whether this occurs in medium-sized tomatoes remains unknown. We tested whether endogenous GABA enrichment maintains production and promotes dry matter and GABA accumulation under salt stress. The medium-sized tomato 'Esprosso' (ER), and its genome-edited high-GABA line (ERHG) were grown under control and salt stress conditions. Under salt stress, fruit fresh weight decreased by 43.4% in ER and 31.5% in ERHG, whereas fruit number per plant increased by 33.3% in ER and 71.1% in ERHG. Due to this compensatory increase, mean yield changes (+2.6% in ER and +11.1% in ERHG) were not statistically significant. Dry matter content increased by 0.6 percentage points (pp) in ER and 1.5 pp. in ERHG, showing a significant genotype × salt stress interaction. Salt stress elevated GABA concentration by 64.5% in ER and 74.4% in ERHG (from 141.5 to 246.8 mg 100 g^-1 FW), increasing per-fruit GABA content by 22.8% in ERHG. Total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid increased under salt stress in both genotypes, indicating the high-GABA trait did not reduce TSS, whereas proline showed a genotype-dependent response. These results suggest that enhanced endogenous GABA biosynthesis modifies fruit responses to salt stress by promoting GABA and dry matter accumulation and altering osmolyte-related metabolism without reducing TSS, potentially contributing to high-value tomato production under controlled salinity.