Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
13:55

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates

Published on: January 27, 2019

Intrinsic T-cell programming and immune spatial organization govern sex-biased tuberculosis immunity

Manish Gupta, Stefanie Krug, Sarita Neupane

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 17, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sex differences in tuberculosis (TB) immunity involve T cell programming and lung immune organization. Female T cells protect males by reducing bacterial load and inflammation, highlighting sex-specific immune strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    More Related Videos

    Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice05:03

    Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice

    Published on: April 26, 2024

    Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice07:07

    Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

    Published on: June 27, 2020

    Related Concept Videos

    T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

    T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

    T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
    Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
    T Cell Types and Functions01:24

    T Cell Types and Functions

    When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
    Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
    Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

    Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

    The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
    The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
    Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

    Diversity of Antigen Receptors

    Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
    Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
    Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

    Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

    The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
    Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

    Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

    The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
    Phagocytes
    Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...