Toluene oxidation with triple-module cooperativity in an atomically precise Cu₄Pt₂(C≡CCyOH)₈ catalyst

The dismantling and reassembly of C(sp ³)-H bonds in hydrocarbons over both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts remain a fundamental challenge. Here, we report the toluene oxidation using an atomically precise Cu₄Pt₂(C≡CCyOH)₈ cluster (HC≡CCyOH = 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol) as the electrocatalyst with an exclusive selectivity for benzaldehyde accompanied by >99% Faradaic efficiency. Results reveal the systematic cooperativity of three functional modules combined into one cluster catalyst for six temporally subsequent events: the hydroxyl ligand of this cluster can capture water and then release it to the Cu sites, and water is sequentially activated on the Cu sites to form OH radicals; Pt sites engage in the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of toluene; the OH radicals then flip over to the Pt sites and react with dehydro-toluene to produce benzaldehyde, which is finally disentangled from the active sites with the help of the ligand. Meanwhile, the cluster is also used to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode and exhibits much higher activity for hydrogen production than a typical Pt/C catalyst. Our study presents a molecular approach for designing highly active and selective catalysts for efficient inert molecule-involved reactions.