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Impact of Poverty on Health in Developing Countries
Xiaoxiao Yu1, Tajul Ariffin Masron1, Dansha Zhang2
1Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden Malaysia.
Public Health Challenges
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Poverty negatively impacts population health in developing nations, especially in nutrition. Targeted poverty reduction and improved living conditions are crucial for better health outcomes, not just economic growth.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
- Global Health Policy
- Development Economics
Background:
- Poverty is a significant barrier to achieving global health equity.
- Developing countries face unique challenges in translating economic growth into improved population health.
- Understanding the nuanced relationship between poverty and diverse health outcomes is critical for effective policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic relationship between poverty and various health outcomes across 63 developing countries.
- To analyze the influence of economic, environmental, and policy factors on this relationship.
- To identify specific poverty levels and health dimensions most affected.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a dynamic panel framework incorporating four observation years (2013-2022).
- Employed difference and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations.
- Accounted for persistence, endogeneity, and key confounding factors.
Main Results:
- A consistent negative association was found between poverty and population health, particularly evident in nutrition outcomes.
- Health outcomes related to institutional access, like medical services, showed less responsiveness to poverty levels.
- A threshold effect was observed, indicating stronger negative impacts of poverty at lower to moderate levels.
Conclusions:
- Economic growth alone is insufficient to guarantee health improvements; direct poverty alleviation is essential.
- Investments in basic living conditions are vital for enhancing population health in developing countries.
- Policy interventions should consider the non-linear impacts of poverty on health across different dimensions.
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