Evidence map of Tai Chi interventions for older adults

The population aged 60 and over is growing rapidly worldwide, reflecting rising life expectancy and health challenges. Tai Chi is a Chinese mind-body practice and has been recommended for older adults. Evidence maps organize and synthesize information about evidence in a specific field or topic, highlighting consensus and knowledge gaps. This evidence map aims to identify the effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes in older adults. This map used The Campbell Collaboration's methodology. The search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health data of Traditional Chinese Medicine mind-body practices was utilized to manually include studies. The AMSTAR 2 was used to assess quality assessment, and the Tableau was used to graphically present the results. Based on 7.862 systematic reviews, we included 118 of Tai Chi for older adults. The quality assessment was 36 high, 07 moderate, 42 low, and 33 critically low. Each of the 238 effects was classified: 171 as positive, 47 as potentially positive, 13 no effects, and 07 as inconclusive. High-quality evidence that positive effects were related to balance, depression, anxiety, cognitive performance, risk of fall, quality of life, well-being, sleep quality, and Parkinson's disease. Inconclusive or no effect was related to concentration, agility, muscle mass, HDL cholesterol, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The most widely used Tai Chi style was the Yang style, for two to three times per week, with each session lasting 30 to 60 min for 12 to 24 weeks. Most interventions targeted community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 69.5 years; among these, 42 reviews reported a female majority. Based on 56 associations, Tai Chi has been applied in different areas of older adult health. The effect of tai chi may depend on the style, frequency, time, and duration. Despite all results, the evidence suggests methodological rigor, homogeneous populations with larger samples. The Tai Chi effectiveness evidence map will serve to inform decision-making on healthcare for older adults, considering the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021-2030 and the Global Strategy for Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine 2025-2034.