Clinical nursing interns' perceptions of artificial intelligence-assisted tools in human-AI collaboration: a...

This study aims to explore the cognitive characteristics and group differences of clinical nursing interns regarding the use of artificial intelligence-assisted tools in a human-AI collaboration context through a persona-based approach, providing references for optimizing nursing internship teaching and the standardized application of AI-assisted tools.

A descriptive qualitative research approach was adopted. From January to March 2026, 25 clinical nursing interns were selected through purposive sampling in three tertiary grade A hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces for semi-structured interviews. The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method and managed and coded with NVivo 15.0 software. Based on the extraction of cognitive features and label dimensions, a cognitive profile of clinical nursing interns' use of artificial intelligence-assisted tools was constructed. Following thematic analysis, participants with similar cognitive characteristics, behaviors, and support needs were grouped to construct five distinct persona types.

A total of 25 clinical nursing interns were included. The cognitive profile dimensions of clinical nursing interns regarding artificial intelligence-assisted tools include motivation for use, behavior patterns, trust attitude, degree of dependence, risk awareness, and support needs, etc. Finally, five cognitive profile types were constructed: Active-Thinking type, Process-Adaptation type, Task-Dependent type, Passive-Burden type, and Doubtful-Defense type.

This study is among the first qualitative investigations to apply persona construction to explore nursing interns' perceptions of AI-assisted tools. In the human-AI collaboration model, clinical nursing interns have significant heterogeneity in their perception of artificial intelligence-assisted tools. Nursing educators should provide personalized teaching guidance, process support, and risk management based on the cognitive characteristics and needs of different types of interns, helping them improve their learning and work efficiency while developing the ability to make independent judgments, use in a standardized manner, and collaborate prudently.