Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
02:21
Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie's Disease
Published on: March 15, 2024
Patient-reported Outcomes of Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty Using Post-Affirming Surgery Form and Function Individual
Nicole Sanchez Figueroa1,2,3, Cesar A Gonzalez2,4,5, Aidin Gharavi6
1From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Penile inversion vaginoplasty (PIV) outcomes were assessed using the AFFIRM survey. Most transgender women reported satisfaction with appearance and sensation, though some experienced urinary and vaginal symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Gender-affirming surgery
- Surgical outcomes research
- Patient-reported outcomes
Background:
- Penile inversion vaginoplasty (PIV) is a common gender-affirming surgery for transgender women.
- Validated, transgender-specific patient-reported outcomes for PIV are limited.
- This study addresses the need for comprehensive outcome assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate long-term patient-reported outcomes after PIV.
- To assess satisfaction with genital appearance and alignment with gender identity.
- To identify common complications and areas for improvement in PIV care.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study with a cross-sectional survey.
- Utilized the Post-Affirming Surgery Form and Function Individual Reporting Measure (AFFIRM) instrument.
- Analyzed demographics, perioperative data, and AFFIRM domain scores.
Main Results:
- High satisfaction with genital appearance and gender identity alignment reported by most patients.
- 93% reported pleasurable clitoral sensation; urologic symptoms were generally minimally bothersome.
- 43-44% reported vaginal dryness or dyspareunia, with 27% finding symptoms bothersome; 13.9% experienced major complications.
Conclusions:
- The AFFIRM instrument effectively captures long-term, transgender-specific outcomes after PIV.
- Findings highlight opportunities to enhance preoperative counseling and surgical techniques.
- Postoperative management of vaginal dryness and urinary symptoms can be improved.
