Clavicular Gorham-Stout disease: a rare case report and literature review

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare idiopathic osteolytic disorder, and its diagnosis depends on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, imaging, and pathological findings, alongside the systematic exclusion of other diseases. We report a case of GSD characterized by progressive clavicular bone destruction and resorption following low-energy trauma. Monitoring biochemical markers related to bone turnover is essential for early diagnosis and disease assessment, which is critical for controlling disease progression. The early administration of osteoclast activity inhibitors, combined with active vitamin D supplementation, can improve prognosis. Treatment plans should be individualized based on the lesion site, the patient's age, and specific needs. In clinical practice, the routine internal fixation of fractures without a definitive diagnosis may lead to severe consequences.