PANoptosis and Immune Remodeling in the Tumor Microenvironment

In recent years, PANoptosis has garnered increasing attention for its potential to promote inflammation. Nevertheless, several issues, including resistance to conventional treatment and immune evasion, correlate with inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Controlled by the assembly of NLRP12-, ZBP1-, AIM2-, and RIPK1-PANoptosome, the newly discovered programmed cell death PANoptosis simultaneously manifests the characteristics of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. This review summarizes the multifaceted characteristics and the molecule determining PANoptosis sensitivity within the microenvironment. It examines the immunomodulatory function of PANoptosis in the tumor microenvironment, including how immune cells mediate PANoptosis in tumor cells and how tumor cells leverage PANoptosis to evade immune response and promote immunosupression. The crucial role of PANoptosis in immune remodeling suggests promising therapeutic strategies for tumors, such as immunotherapy and combination therapy. The induction of PANoptosis may establish a positive feedback loop that promotes immune activation and has a potential to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. Future strategies is expected to provide new directions for more precise, personalized cancer treatment.