Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
Refining the Delivery of a 16-form Tai Chi Program for Chronic Ankle Instability: A Modified Delphi Study
Qian Qian1, Patrick C Wheeler1,2, Daniel T P Fong1
1National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough.
Objective:
To refine the delivery of a targeted 16-form Tai Chi program for chronic ankle instability (CAI) through a modified Delphi process.
Methods:
Eighteen Tai Chi and sports science experts were invited; 10 completed round 1 and 8 of these completed round 2. To improve geographic diversity, 4 nonresponders outside Mainland China were recontacted; 3 completed 2 rounds, and their feedback was integrated. A self-developed 10-item questionnaire (5-point Likert) was rated. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥70% of ratings 4 to 5, median ≥4, IQR ≤1, and CV ≤0.25. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α, and overall agreement using Kendall W.
Results:
In round 1, all items had median ≥4, but several failed agreement thresholds, prompting revision; α = 0.93 and W = 0.704. In round 2, all items met consensus criteria; α = 0.94 and W = 0.712. The final delivery set included 10 modifications and 6 additions. Five CAI participants were recruited for preliminary validation; 4 provided feedback supporting deliverability and informing refinements.
Conclusion:
This study produced a standardized, consensus-based delivery framework for a 16-form Tai Chi program tailored to CAI. Clinical trials are needed to determine its effectiveness on ankle-related outcomes.
