Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
09:29
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
Published on: August 21, 2017
Double-Negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Antonio Malvaso1,2, Francesca Bovis3, Giacomo Greco1,4
1Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.
Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Double-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (DN-NMOSD) is a severe, relapsing autoimmune condition. Early maintenance immunotherapy significantly reduces relapse risk and prevents disability in DN-NMOSD patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Autoimmune diseases
- Neurology
Background:
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune condition typically associated with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies.
- A similar clinical presentation can be linked to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOGAD).
- A subgroup of NMOSD patients lacks these autoantibodies, termed double-negative NMOSD (DN-NMOSD), which remains poorly understood.
Conclusions:
- DN-NMOSD is characterized by frequent relapses and leads to irreversible disability.
- Early administration of maintenance immunotherapy is crucial for reducing relapse risk and preventing further disability in DN-NMOSD.
- Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for DN-NMOSD.
