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Metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory profiling in lean and obese women with PCOS: A multicentre case-control study
Foram K Ravat1, Sneha M Nair1, Mayur Gandhi2
1Department of Quality Assurance, Gujarat Technological University, School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, often associated with insulin resistance and obesity. As a heterogeneous condition, diverse mechanisms could be involved in its pathogenesis. Data on PCOS among vegetarian populations, particularly from Indian subcontinent, remain limited. This study aimed to assess the association between biochemical, hormones, and metabolic parameters in lean and obese women with PCOS.
Methods:
A multicentre, observational case-control study conducted among 40 women diagnosed with PCOS and 43 matched by BMI healthy controls classified as either lean (BMI < 25) and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Groups were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age as a covariate based on biochemical, metabolic, hormonal and hematological parameters. Age and BMI adjusted partial spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the association of HOMA-IR and testosterone with study variables. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses, adjusted for age and BMI, were employed to identify independent predictor of HOMAIR and testosterone, with multiple testing correction applied.
Result:
Significant differences were found in TG, VLDL, HDL, SGPT, ALP, FSH, Testosterone, HOMA-IR, AMH and WBC. HOMA-IR was elevated in both lean and obese PCOS groups compared to control groups. In age and BMI adjusted multivariate regression, BMI (p = 0.002) and SGPT (p = 0.0032) were independent predictor of HOMA-IR, while WBC showed a borderline association (p = 0.068). AMH was the only independent predictor of testosterone (p = 0.005).
Conclusion:
Although our vegetarian women with PCOS, had normal value of liver enzymes, they were higher in comparison to control groups. SGPT was independently association with insulin resistance (IR), suggesting disturbance of liver enzyme in POCS and inflammatory marker (WBC) were mainly influenced by BMI. The association between AMH and testosterone suggests that hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS and may occur independently of adiposity.
