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The tunica adventitia: From key player in aortic aneurysm pathogenesis to promising therapeutic target

Jia-Heng He1, Mi Wang2, Ting Wang3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.

Vascular Pharmacology
|July 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Aortic aneurysm progression is driven by the adventitia, not just intima and media. Understanding adventitial cell interactions offers new therapeutic targets for this fatal vascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysm
  • Cellular Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • Aortic aneurysm is a fatal vascular disease with limited drug therapies.
  • Traditional research focused on intima and media cells.
  • Recent evidence highlights the adventitia's critical role in disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the aortic adventitia in aneurysm development.
  • To explore interactions among adventitial cell types and their microenvironment.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting the adventitial microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
  • Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms within the adventitia.
  • Analysis of interactions between adventitial cells, vasa vasorum, and adipose tissue.

Main Results:

  • The adventitia, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and progenitor cells, is a key driver of pathological progression.
  • Interactions within the adventitial microenvironment fuel chronic inflammation, ECM degradation, and remodeling.
  • The vasa vasorum and perivascular adipose tissue significantly influence adventitial responses.

Conclusions:

  • The adventitia plays a central role in aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
  • Targeting adventitial cell interactions and the microenvironment presents promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into adventitial biology is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Keywords:
AdventitiaAdventitial fibroblastsAortic aneurysmInflammationVasa vasorum

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