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Epidemiological Trends in Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction With Essential and Secondary Hypertension: CDC

Javeria Akhter1, Waleed Ahmad2, Aasiya Shahbaz3

  • 1Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan.

Clinical Cardiology
|July 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with hypertension mortality declined overall, but trends increased in the South, metropolitan areas, and older adults (65-74) from 2018-2021, indicating a need for targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular epidemiology
  • Public health research
  • Mortality statistics

Background:

  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) combined with essential hypertension (EH) or secondary hypertension (SH) is a major cause of death.
  • Despite overall declines, significant disparities in AMI mortality trends persist across various demographic and geographic subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in AMI mortality with hypertension.
  • To identify disparities in mortality rates across age, gender, race, and region.
  • To investigate emerging patterns in mortality for targeted public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CDC WONDER mortality data (2000-2024) for deaths with AMI as primary cause and hypertension as contributing factor.
  • Calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) standardized to the US 2000 population.
  • Employed joinpoint regression to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs) and identify significant trend shifts.

Main Results:

  • AMI with hypertension caused 842,646 deaths; AAMR decreased from 17.63 to 12.26.
  • Overall AAMR showed a significant decline (AAPC: -1.71%).
  • Rising mortality trends (2018-2021) were observed in the South region, metropolitan areas, among Non-Hispanic Black individuals, and adults aged 65-74.

Conclusions:

  • While overall AMI mortality with hypertension is declining, specific subgroups show concerning upward trends.
  • The Southern region, metropolitan areas, and older adults (65-74) require focused public health strategies.
  • Addressing these emerging disparities is crucial for reducing cardiovascular mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
CDC wonderUnited Statesacute myocardial infarctionhypertensionmortality

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