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Epidemiological Trends in Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction With Essential and Secondary Hypertension: CDC
Javeria Akhter1, Waleed Ahmad2, Aasiya Shahbaz3
1Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan.
Clinical Cardiology
|July 18, 2026
Summary
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with hypertension mortality declined overall, but trends increased in the South, metropolitan areas, and older adults (65-74) from 2018-2021, indicating a need for targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular epidemiology
- Public health research
- Mortality statistics
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) combined with essential hypertension (EH) or secondary hypertension (SH) is a major cause of death.
- Despite overall declines, significant disparities in AMI mortality trends persist across various demographic and geographic subgroups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in AMI mortality with hypertension.
- To identify disparities in mortality rates across age, gender, race, and region.
- To investigate emerging patterns in mortality for targeted public health interventions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized CDC WONDER mortality data (2000-2024) for deaths with AMI as primary cause and hypertension as contributing factor.
- Calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) standardized to the US 2000 population.
- Employed joinpoint regression to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs) and identify significant trend shifts.
Main Results:
- AMI with hypertension caused 842,646 deaths; AAMR decreased from 17.63 to 12.26.
- Overall AAMR showed a significant decline (AAPC: -1.71%).
- Rising mortality trends (2018-2021) were observed in the South region, metropolitan areas, among Non-Hispanic Black individuals, and adults aged 65-74.
Conclusions:
- While overall AMI mortality with hypertension is declining, specific subgroups show concerning upward trends.
- The Southern region, metropolitan areas, and older adults (65-74) require focused public health strategies.
- Addressing these emerging disparities is crucial for reducing cardiovascular mortality.
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