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The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Adenoid and Tonsil Enlargement in Nigerian Children

Ikeoluwa Elizabeth Omosule1, Onyemuchechi Ibeneche Gbujie1, Titus Sunday Ibekwe1

  • 1Ear, Nose and Throat- Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja.

Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association
|July 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is linked to enlarged tonsils in children. This study found a significant association between EBV and tonsillar hypertrophy, suggesting a potential role in its development.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a common lymphotropic virus.
  • EBV persists in lymphoid tissues like tonsils and adenoids.
  • EBV has been implicated in various head and neck diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children.
  • To determine if EBV contributes to enlarged tonsils and adenoids.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative cross-sectional study of 90 children (45 test, 45 control).
  • Adenoid size assessed via Fujioka Adenoid-Nasopharyngeal Ratio (ANR).
  • Tonsil size graded using the Brodsky system; EBV status determined by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.

Main Results:

  • EBV IgG prevalence was higher in the test group (91.1%) compared to controls (82%).
  • Significant differences in EBV IgG titers between test and control groups (p < 0.001).
  • Positive correlation found between EBV status and tonsil volume (p=0.0320) and Brodsky grade (p=0.023).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with tonsillar hypertrophy in children.
  • EBV may play a role in the development and progression of enlarged tonsils.
  • A weaker correlation was observed between EBV and adenoid enlargement.
Abstract

Keywords:
Adenotonsillar hypertrophyEBV seropositivityENT viral assessmentadenoid hypertrophy assessmentpaediatric lymphoid tissue

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