Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Progressive deterioration of bone density and geometry in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A 4-year DXA

Shruti Mondkar1, Madhura Karuggipkar1, Mugdha Deshpande1

  • 1Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India.

Bone
|July 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) experience worsening bone health over four years, especially those with longer disease duration. Monitoring bone density and structure is crucial for early intervention in pediatric T1DM patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Diabetes Complications

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) affects bone health in children and adolescents.
  • Longitudinal data on skeletal changes in this population are limited.
  • Understanding bone health trajectories is vital for managing T1DM complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate 4-year bone health changes in pediatric T1DM patients.
  • To compare bone health based on diabetes duration.
  • To identify predictors of skeletal outcomes in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, longitudinal observational study of 200 children and adolescents with T1DM.
  • Data collected over 4 years at a tertiary care center in India.
  • Bone health assessed using DXA and pQCT, alongside anthropometric, body composition, and biochemical parameters.

Main Results:

  • Glycemic control (HbA1c) worsened, with increased insulin needs and reduced insulin sensitivity.
  • Significant declines observed in total bone mineral content (TBLH aBMD) Z-scores and trabecular volumetric BMD.
  • Longer diabetes duration (≥5 years) correlated with poorer bone parameters and greater bone loss.
  • Sex, pubertal status, glycemic control, disease duration, and dyslipidemia predicted skeletal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Children and adolescents with T1DM show progressive bone health deterioration.
  • Longer disease duration and adverse metabolic profiles exacerbate bone loss.
  • Skeletal geometry changes may not be fully captured by areal bone density alone.
  • Early identification and monitoring are key to preserving bone health in pediatric T1DM.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bone healthBone mineral densityDXAInsulin resistancePubertyType 1 diabetes mellituspQCT

More Related Videos

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...