Gingival crevicular fluid asprosin, adropin, and irisin hormone levels in the different periodontal status

This study aimed to evaluate asprosin, adropin, and irisin levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) across different periodontal conditions and to analyze their relationship with clinical periodontal parameters.

A total of 122 systemically healthy participants (25-60 years) were divided into four groups: healthy periodontium (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 30), Stage I-II periodontitis (n = 32), and Stage III-IV periodontitis (n = 30). Clinical parameters recorded included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). GCF samples were collected, and asprosin, adropin, and irisin levels were measured by ELISA. Statistical analyses included ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc tests, Pearson correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Asprosin levels were significantly higher in Stage III-IV periodontitis compared with other groups (p < 0.05). Adropin and irisin levels were higher in the healthy group, although not statistically significant. Asprosin correlated positively with PI, PD, CAL, and BOP, while irisin correlated negatively with PI. ROC analysis indicated that asprosin had diagnostic potential for distinguishing between advanced periodontitis and other conditions.

Elevated GCF asprosin levels were found to be associated with periodontitis severity, whereas adropin and irisin were related to periodontal health. More research is needed to understand the role of irisin, asprosin, and adropin in periodontal pathogenesis.

This study provides novel insights into the potential role of asprosin, adropin, and irisin as biomarkers of periodontal status. Elevated GCF asprosin levels were associated with advanced periodontitis, reflecting the inflammatory burden of the disease. Conversely, higher levels of adropin and irisin were associated with better periodontal health, suggesting protective or homeostatic functions. These findings indicate that GCF asprosin, adropin, and irisin levels may serve as promising adjunctive diagnostic indicators for distinguishing between periodontal health and disease. Future longitudinal studies are needed to validate their prognostic value and to clarify their mechanistic involvement in periodontal pathogenesis.