Ameliorative Effects of Silymarin on Ovarian Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and...

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury secondary to ovarian torsion results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural damage to the ovary. Silymarin (SLY), a natural flavonoid complex, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of SLY on ovarian IR injury. An experimental model of OIR was created, and animals were divided into Sham, OIR, and OIR + SLY groups. An acute single dose of silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given to the treatment group. Tissue and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-17, TGF-β1, and H₂O₂ were determined, as well as TOS. Tissue oxidative stress parameters MDA, GSH content, and SOD activity were assessed. Histopathological evaluation of ovarian tissues was done. Compared to sham controls, the OIR group exhibited significantly higher tissue and serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress indicators, as well as higher MDA levels and lower GSH and SOD activity (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed significant vascular congestion, bleeding, and tissue deterioration. SLY therapy significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation while increasing antioxidant defenses (p < 0.05). Histopathological results also showed improved ovarian tissue integrity in the treatment group. SLY may be used as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian torsion, as it reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in OIR injury of the ovary while preserving its histological structure.