READY-T1D-assessment of Research and Service Delivery Readiness for paediatric Type 1 Diabetes: a multi-country

John T Figi1,2, Hugh Pearson1,2, Salma Ahkouk3

  • 1Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

Eclinicalmedicine
|July 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) care is improving globally, but clinics need better resources and research readiness. Enhancing multidisciplinary staffing and digital infrastructure is key for advancing T1D services and research in children and adolescents.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Global Health
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Rising global incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), especially in LMICs.
  • Significant gaps in T1D access, treatment, and high preventable mortality rates.
  • Need to assess readiness for T1D service delivery and research in LMICs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess service provision and research preparedness in pediatric T1D clinics.
  • To evaluate readiness using the READY-T1D tool across 21 countries.
  • To identify areas for capacity development in T1D care.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional online survey of 244 clinics across 21 countries (Nov 2024 - Nov 2025).
  • Utilized the READY-T1D tool assessing Service Provision and Research Preparedness (0-4 scale).
  • Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of clinic, component, and domain scores.

Main Results:

  • Mean scores: Service Provision 2.5 (SD 0.6), Research Preparedness 1.8 (SD 0.8).
  • Strengths in resource management and accessibility; weaknesses in testing facilities and staffing.
  • Basic care common, advanced diagnostics rare; research readiness hampered by data systems, funding, and governance.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric T1D clinics in GC-CDiC countries have core care elements but lack comprehensive readiness.
  • Significant variation in capacity exists within and between countries.
  • Priorities for improvement include staffing, digital infrastructure, and research governance for global studies.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...