Microfluidic systems integrated with organic field-effect transistors: architectures, sensing interfaces, and...

Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based chemical sensors integrated with microfluidic systems are emerging as attractive platforms for real-time chemical monitoring. In these systems, microfluidics provides rapid analyte transport, low sample consumption, continuous solution exchange, and temporal control of interfacial processes. In this Perspective, we focus on two sensor configurations: extended-gate-type and water-gate-type OFET systems, which are classified according to device architecture and sensing interface rather than directly compared by figures of merit. This architecture-based viewpoint should provide a useful framework for the design of next-generation OFET-integrated microfluidic chemical sensors.