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Measuring Digital Transformation in Chinese Hospitals: Development and Validation of a Digital Maturity Evaluation
Xinyi Liu1, Xiao Han1, Jianjun Chen1
1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Journal of Medical Systems
|July 20, 2026
Summary
A new framework assesses digital maturity in Chinese public hospitals, balancing readiness, technology, and data management. Higher maturity correlates with clinical digital applications and data quality, but data sharing needs improvement.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Health Services Research
- Digital Health
Background:
- Modernizing public hospitals in China requires digital transformation.
- A standardized framework for evaluating digital maturity in these hospitals is currently lacking.
- This study addresses the need for a context-specific evaluation tool.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a comprehensive, multidimensional framework for assessing digital maturity in Chinese tertiary public hospitals.
- To provide a tool for systematic assessment and inform policy decisions.
- To support targeted improvements in hospital digital transformation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review and policy analysis to construct the framework.
- Delphi consultation, analytic hierarchy process, and criteria importance through intercriteria dependence method for indicator weighting.
- Application to 1,361 hospitals and analysis using global sensitivity analysis, k-means clustering, and logistic regression.
Main Results:
- The framework includes Digital Readiness, Technology Application, and Data Management Capability with 11 subdimensions and 65 indicators.
- Digital Readiness (34.9%), Technology Application (34.7%), and Data Management Capability (30.4%) received the largest weights.
- Higher maturity hospitals excelled in clinical digital applications and data quality, but data sharing remained weak.
Conclusions:
- The developed framework is a structure- and process-oriented diagnostic tool for assessing digital maturity in Chinese tertiary public hospitals.
- It can aid policy monitoring, institutional benchmarking, and targeted improvements.
- Future research should validate maturity scores against healthcare quality, safety, efficiency, patient experience, and equity outcomes.
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