Balancing science and sustainability in ART: an international survey of green issues in IVF laboratories

What are the perspectives, challenges and current practices of clinical reproductive practitioners worldwide regarding environmental sustainability in the IVF laboratory?

A cross-sectional online survey was distributed exclusively among clinical reproductive scientists. The survey was accessible for 10 weeks from July 2024 to September 2024. It was designed to assess different aspects of sustainability in the IVF laboratory, and explore the role of demographic variables.

In total, 893 recipients responded, of which 754 were eligible to participate and spanned 83 countries. Awareness of sustainability was high, with >90% being familiar with the term, and over half expressing strong concern about the environmental impact of the medical field. Three-quarters (74.2%, 559/753) considered sustainability in assisted reproductive technology (ART) to be critical, and many believed that adopting greener practices would appear more attractive to patients, although this opinion was not shared equally among different age groups. The survey explored the frequency of daily laboratory activities. 'Switching off microscope lights when not in use' was performed most often, while 'feedback to suppliers regarding excessive packaging' was seen in <10% of responses. Respondents understood the need for a collaborative approach; however, ART suppliers were identified as most responsible for driving a greener culture.

While most practitioners who participated in the study are concerned about the environmental impact of ART and are keen to adopt more sustainable practices, concerns about regulatory and economic consequences, as well as negative impact on treatment outcomes, hinder meaningful action. This study highlights areas of concern and responsibilities for ART stakeholders to address going forwards in fostering a greener culture in IVF.