Research on prediction method for blast vibration waveforms considering peak-time variation

To address the accuracy bottleneck of the traditional Anderson blast-induced vibration prediction model, which assumes fixed sub-wave peak time and suffers from phase error accumulation during multi-hole superposition, a model correction method based on the nonlinear attenuation of peak time is proposed. Taking single-hole charge quantity, blast center distance and peak particle velocity (PPV) as core influencing factors, a peak time prediction formula is derived through dimensional analysis, revealing the nonlinear evolution law of peak time with propagation parameters. On this basis, an amplitude-time dual-parameter corrected Anderson nonlinear superposition model is constructed by simultaneously applying amplitude scaling and time-axis scaling to the reference wavelet. Systematic verifications are carried out through single-hole, double-hole and six-hole blasting tests as well as a 16-hole engineering case. The results show that compared with the traditional model, the relative error of PPV is reduced from the range of 15.2%-29.0% to 6.9%-14.0%, and the relative error of peak time is reduced from the range of 88%-115% to 1.3%-30.0%. The coincidence degree of waveform shape and spectral characteristics is significantly improved, and the dominant frequency prediction deviation of all test cases is controlled within 8 Hz. In the 16-hole large-scale open-pit bench blasting, the PPV prediction deviation is only 7.9%, and the peak time deviation is merely 2 ms. This model effectively solves the phase error accumulation problem in multi-hole blast-induced vibration superposition, and can provide reliable theoretical support for precise blast-induced vibration prediction and safety control.