[Confusions and reflections on the diagnosis and treatment model of differentiated thyroid cancer]

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common subtype of thyroid cancer, exhibits marked regional variations in epidemiology worldwide, with management strategies evolving in response to evidence-based advances in diagnosticsand therapeutic protocols.This article synthesizes global and China-specific epidemiological patterns in DTC, evaluates temporal trends in disease-specific survival across populations, and reviews the evolution of evidence-based guidelines. Building on emerging clinical evidence, it analyzes the rationale for therapeutic de-escalation and critically assesses its implications for clinical practice and patient outcomes.Drawing on adverse outcomes observed in international de-escalation protocols, this study advocates the principle of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment (the "three earlies"), establishes a surgery-led multidisciplinary team (MDT) for full-cycle management, and gradually advances to precision diagnosis and treatment, aiming to consolidate and enhance China's DTC care outcomes.