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Dynamic Augmented Reality Cues for Telementoring in Laparoscopic Surgery: Usability Study
Jhasketan Padhan1, Hawa Hamza1, Dehlela Shabir1,2
1Itqan Clinical Simulation and Innovation Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
JMIR Human Factors
|July 21, 2026
Summary
A virtual tool in augmented reality (AR) telementoring significantly improved surgical skill transfer accuracy compared to hand gestures and 3D pointers. This dynamic AR cue enhanced mentee performance without increasing cognitive workload, showing promise for surgical training.
Area of Science:
- Surgical telementoring
- Augmented reality (AR) in surgery
- Medical simulation
Background:
- Surgical telementoring enhances skill transfer but relies on inadequate audio-visual cues.
- Dynamic augmented reality (AR) visual cues can improve demonstration of complex tool-tissue interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate dynamic AR cues for surgical telementoring.
- Identify the most effective AR cue for demonstrating surgical instrument motions during laparoscopy.
Main Methods:
- User study in a simulated environment with mentor-mentee pairs.
- Assessed three dynamic AR cues: hand gestures, 3D pointer, and virtual tool.
- Measured path following (dynamic time warping distance), orientation error, and cognitive workload (NASA Task Load Index).
Main Results:
- The virtual tool cue significantly reduced path following errors compared to hand gestures and 3D pointers.
- Lower orientation errors were observed with the virtual tool versus hand gestures.
- No significant differences in cognitive workload were found across the AR cues.
Conclusions:
- A virtual tool as a dynamic AR cue improves mentee accuracy in following instructions during telementoring.
- This AR approach enhances surgical skill transfer without increasing cognitive load.
- Further research is required to validate clinical effectiveness in live surgical procedures.
