Mental Well-Being and Regular Sauna Bathing: A Phenomenological Study of Psychological Experiences and Perceived...

Sauna bathing, a centuries-old tradition with roots in Nordic cultures, is increasingly embraced in contemporary wellness practices across Western societies. Although the physiological benefits of sauna use are well documented, its psychological effects remain underexplored. The present study investigated the lived experiences of regular sauna users and their perceptions of its impact on mental well-being. A mixed-methods approach was employed: a preliminary survey identified suitable participants, followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 regular users of Finnish-style saunas (aged 22-49, all white Europeans). The qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sauna use was consistently described as supportive of mental well-being by fostering emotional regulation, stress relief, and social connection. Three key domains of psychological engagement were identified: connection to self, to others, and to nature. Across these, sauna bathing was experienced as both a personal and communal ritual-a space for self-care, introspection, and authentic social interaction. Themes included emotional release, personal growth, trust, and sensory immersion in natural elements. Reported psychological effects extended beyond sauna sessions into daily life, including improved mood, pain relief, clarity of thought, and reduced feelings of isolation. Overall, sauna bathing emerged as a low-barrier, non-clinical practice that may support mental health and contribute to public health strategies addressing stress and loneliness.