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Learning Theory Foundations in Competency-Based Anatomy Education
M K Khalil1, J Iwanaga2,3,4, R S Tubbs2,3,4,5,6,7
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|July 22, 2026
Summary
Competency-based medical education (CBME) redefines anatomy training by linking learning theories to clinical skills. This approach ensures anatomical competence develops longitudinally, enhancing clinical relevance and rigor.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Anatomical Sciences
- Learning Theory
Background:
- Competency-based medical education (CBME) shifts focus from time-based progression to performance and entrustment.
- Anatomical sciences are transitioning from discrete courses to longitudinal clinical competencies.
- The learning-theory foundations for authentic competency development in anatomy are not well-articulated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism inform anatomy education within the CBME framework.
- To explore how these learning theories guide the integration of anatomy with clinical competencies.
- To understand how theoretical traditions inform CBME-aligned assessment strategies for anatomy.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual communication analyzing the application of major learning theories (behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism) to anatomy education in CBME.
- Examination of how theoretical principles support mastery, knowledge organization, and contextual learning.
- Review of assessment strategies (e.g., structured observation, simulation, programmatic assessment) informed by learning theories.
Main Results:
- Behaviorism supports procedural reliability via deliberate practice and feedback.
- Cognitivism facilitates clinical reasoning through organized knowledge schemas.
- Constructivism promotes transfer and adaptive expertise by contextualizing learning in clinical settings.
Conclusions:
- Linking learning theory to instructional design and assessment is crucial for developing anatomical competence in CBME.
- Theoretical coherence ensures the clinical relevance and rigor of anatomical sciences education.
- This framework clarifies anatomical competence development across the educational continuum.
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