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Published on: August 19, 2015
Biomacromolecule-MOF Composites for Intracellular Delivery: From Empirical Construction to Rational Design and
Lijun Xu1, Haiyue Yu1, Xiaoyang Li2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 22, 2026
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising solution for delivering biomacromolecules, like proteins and nucleic acids, into cells. This review explores how MOF design, aided by artificial intelligence, enhances biomacromolecule delivery for disease therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Drug Delivery Systems
Background:
- Biomacromolecules (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids) have therapeutic and diagnostic potential due to specific biological functions.
- Clinical translation is hindered by inefficient intracellular delivery, poor membrane permeability, and endo/lysosomal entrapment.
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) present opportunities for biomacromolecule protection and delivery due to their unique properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution of biomacromolecule-MOF composite design, from empirical methods to rational design and AI-assisted screening.
- To discuss recent advances in AI-assisted design for enzyme-MOF and drug-delivery MOF systems.
- To highlight the potential of MOFs as next-generation intracellular delivery platforms for biomedical applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on biomacromolecule-MOF composite design strategies.
- Analysis of advancements in AI-assisted screening and design for MOF-based delivery systems.
- Discussion of MOF properties relevant to biomacromolecule encapsulation and intracellular release.
Main Results:
- Biomacromolecule-MOF composites have evolved from empirical construction to sophisticated, rationally designed systems.
- AI-assisted design accelerates the development of MOFs with tailored properties for synergistic therapeutic functions.
- MOFs demonstrate significant potential for overcoming intracellular delivery barriers for biomacromolecules.
Conclusions:
- MOFs are versatile platforms for protecting and delivering biomacromolecules intracellularly.
- Emerging AI-driven design strategies enable rapid and precise development of customized biomacromolecule-MOF composites.
- These advancements pave the way for next-generation intracellular delivery platforms in disease diagnosis and therapy.
