Root Resection: Key Updates and a Review of the Literature

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Periodontology
• Endodontology

Background:

• Root resection is a technique-sensitive procedure for preserving teeth with severe periodontal or endodontic issues.
• Historically, it has been a valuable treatment option, though often considered a last resort.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on root resection, including historical context, indications, contraindications, and clinical techniques.
• To highlight advancements in diagnostics and surgical approaches for root resection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review summarizing evidence on conventional and vital root resection.
• Discussion of surgical techniques like presurgical crown contouring and vertical cut method.
• Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Main Results:

• Both conventional and vital root resection can achieve favorable outcomes under specific conditions.
• Surgical techniques offer advantages, but comparative data is limited.
• Advanced imaging like CBCT improves diagnostic accuracy for furcation involvement but increases cost and radiation exposure.
• Long-term survival rates are variable, emphasizing the importance of case selection and post-operative care.

Conclusions:

• Root resection preserves natural dentition, offering a meaningful alternative to extraction and implants.
• Further standardized, long-term clinical trials are necessary to optimize prognostic factors and outcomes.