Dehydrated silk fibroin matrices as versatile delivery systems for extracellular vesicles

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show therapeutic promise but face challenges with rapid clearance and macrophage uptake.
• Developing effective delivery systems is crucial for enhancing EV therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate silk fibroin (SF) matrices as a delivery system for extracellular vesicles (EVs).
• To evaluate the effect of SF material structure on EV release kinetics and therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

• Silk fibroin (SF) was processed into nonwoven and film matrices.
• Gingival fibroblast (GF)-derived EVs were incorporated into SF matrices.
• A water vapor annealing method was used to tune SF structure and stability.
• EV release profiles, morphology, and cellular uptake were assessed.
• Wound healing assays were performed using EV-loaded SF materials.

Main Results:

• SF nonwovens and films successfully incorporated EVs.
• Distinct EV release profiles were observed: nonwovens provided controlled release, films showed delayed release.
• EV morphology was maintained post-release, and EVs were internalized by endothelial cells (HUVECs).
• EV-loaded SF materials enhanced cell migration in wound healing models.

Conclusions:

• Dehydrated SF matrices are effective carriers for sustained and localized EV delivery.
• SF-based EV delivery systems show potential for regenerative medicine applications.
• Material structure influences EV release characteristics, offering tunable delivery options.