Exclusive breastfeeding: Facilitators and barriers from the maternal perspective

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a cornerstone for infant development and maternal health, offering nutritional, emotional, and public health benefits. Despite its importance, global EBF rates remain below targets, with barriers varying by socioeconomic context. In Argentina, while 91.7% of infants start breastfeeding, only 44.6% sustain EBF at six months.

A qualitative study was conducted using 32 focus groups involving 231 mothers from four Argentine urban areas with varying EBF prevalence. Participants were segmented by maternal experience, education level, and breastfeeding continuity. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA and Atlas.ti, identifying key facilitators and barriers to EBF.

Key facilitators included prenatal breastfeeding education, postpartum support, conducive workplace policies, and strengthened mother-infant bonding. Barriers encompassed physical pain, psychological distress, delivery complications, workplace tensions, and sociocultural pressures such as the perception of insufficient milk supply. Digital platforms emerged as vital tools for information exchange and support, particularly for primipara mothers, although insufficient public policies limit their impact on sustaining EBF.

Access to education, professional guidance, and digital support platforms significantly contributes to EBF success. However, persistent challenges, including family dynamics, cultural stigmas, and work-related tensions, undermine EBF continuity. Comprehensive public policies promoting shared responsibility among families, employers, and society are critical to sustaining EBF practices. Targeted interventions addressing these multifaceted challenges can enhance maternal and child health outcomes globally.