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Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Isolation Strategies, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Trials
Sourin Bhukta1, Narahari N Palei1, Vishakha Jaiswal1
1Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India.
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|July 22, 2026
Summary
Exosomes, natural nanoparticles, can cross the blood-brain barrier to deliver therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Engineering these vesicles enhances targeted drug delivery to the brain.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Neuroscience
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Neurodegenerative disorders present significant therapeutic challenges due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of targeted drug delivery.
- Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles involved in intercellular communication, offering a potential solution for brain-targeted delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic potential and drug delivery applications of exosomes for neurodegenerative disorders.
- To examine exosome biogenesis, isolation, and engineering for targeted neural delivery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of exosome biogenesis, isolation techniques, and surface engineering strategies.
- Analysis of preclinical models and ongoing clinical trials for exosome-based neurological therapies.
Main Results:
- Exosomes naturally possess the ability to cross the BBB, overcoming a major hurdle in brain drug delivery.
- Engineered exosomes can be precisely targeted to specific cells or tissues, enhancing therapeutic payload delivery.
- Exosomes offer a versatile platform for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes are a promising nanocarrier system for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
- Further research into exosome engineering and clinical applications is warranted to harness their full therapeutic potential.
