Beyond the Badge: Bridging Physical and Biological Monitoring to Strengthen Occupational Radiation Safety

Cytogenetic dosimetry (CD) provides biological evidence of radiation exposure and is particularly valuable in emergencies. However, its routine use in occupational protection remains limited globally. This study examines the barriers to institutionalization of CD within Brazil's occupational health and safety (OHS) framework. A qualitative analysis was conducted through a critical examination of international standards, Brazilian regulations, and scientific literature. The study mapped national guidelines, identified regulatory gaps, and evaluated the implications for worker health surveillance, with a specific focus on the potential role of CD. Our analysis shows that cytogenetic dosimetry is a technically feasible, accessible, and cost-effective method for biological monitoring. Its implementation in Brazilian occupational settings is constrained by the absence of standardized protocols, a lack of professional training among OHS practitioners, and low awareness of its clinical applicability. The findings from the Brazilian context highlight the need for updated OHS policies that integrate physical dosimetry with the biological effects of radiation, providing broader insights for advancing evidence-based occupational health policies and promoting a stronger global culture of radiation protection.