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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Published on: April 7, 2021
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Current and Emerging Approaches to Lung Protection
Pedro Leme Silva1, Daniela Nisticò2, Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco3
1Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G2-042, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by diverse etiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and variable responses to treatment. Although lung-protective ventilation has improved survival, overall outcomes remain limited. Increasing evidence supports a transition from uniform management toward individualized strategies informed by ARDS subphenotypes, imaging-based lung morphology, and biological markers. Advances in ventilatory modes, physiologic and biological subphenotyping, and multiomics technologies are expanding the potential for precision medicine in ARDS. Personalizing mechanical ventilation according to disease phase, lung recruitability, and patient-specific characteristics may enhance clinical outcomes while reducing ventilator-induced lung injury.
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