Fluorescence-Guided Nanobomb for Triple-Action Tumor Annihilation Based on Fe/Mn Porphyrin MOFs

Porphyrin bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs) have promising applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for tumor therapy. However, their therapeutic effect is restricted by the insufficient reactive oxygen species generated by BMOFs. Herein, a nanobomb, Fe-TCPP(Mn)/DOX/PEG/Apt-M (FTMDPA), with pH-responsive properties, was designed for fluorescence imaging-guided triple-action tumor annihilation. First, a novel Fe/Mn porphyrin BMOF, Fe-TCPP(Mn) (FTM), was assembled by a solvothermal method to achieve enhanced tumor therapy through ROS amplification. Under 660 nm laser irradiation, TCPP(Mn) could act as a photosensitizer to activate PDT. Significantly, TCPP(Mn) and Fe3+ exhibit peroxidase-like and Fenton-like activities, catalyzing the generation of •OH from H2O2, which effectively amplifies CDT. Besides, FTMDPA exhibits pH-responsive DOX release capability, which could achieve chemotherapy (CHT), and could efficiently accumulate at the tumor site with the aid of an aptamer. Importantly, FTMDPA exhibits fluorescence imaging, which has potential applications in detection and image-guided precision therapy. Therefore, the designed nanobomb integrates targeted delivery, pH responsiveness, fluorescence imaging, and amplified PDT-CDT-CHT triple-action tumor annihilation into a single system, providing a promising strategy for tumor diagnosis and treatment.