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Advances in genetics and multi-omics for ischemic stroke: from pathogenesis to clinical translation
Siyi Zhao1,2, Lei Liu1, Junxiong Wu1
1Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University), Xiangtan, China.
Insights
New biomarkers from genetics and multi-omics offer precise diagnosis and personalized treatment for ischemic stroke. These advancements improve risk stratification, recurrence prediction, and understanding of the disease
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Genetics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Ischemic stroke is a complex cerebrovascular disease with high rates of mortality and disability.
- Current diagnostic imaging methods have limitations in rapid detection, etiological differentiation, and dynamic monitoring.
- There is a critical need for sensitive biomarkers for timely diagnosis and personalized management of ischemic stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review biomarkers for ischemic stroke identified through genome-wide association studies and multi-omics technologies.
- To discuss the implications of these biomarkers for understanding ischemic stroke pathophysiology.
- To explore the clinical applications of these novel biomarkers in patient care.
Main Methods:
- Review of studies utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
- Analysis of multi-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) for biomarker identification.
- Synthesis of current literature on ischemic stroke biomarkers and their clinical relevance.
Main Results:
- Genetics and multi-omics have identified numerous potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke.
- These biomarkers aid in etiological subtyping, risk stratification, and recurrence prediction.
- Biomarkers show promise for drug target identification and prognostic assessment.
Conclusions:
- Advancements in genetics and multi-omics are revolutionizing ischemic stroke biomarker discovery.
- These biomarkers provide a molecular basis for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
- Further research and clinical translation are essential to fully leverage these findings for improved patient outcomes.
Abstract:
Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial, heterogeneous cerebrovascular disease characterized by high incidence, mortality, disability, and recurrence rates. Currently, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging represents the gold standard for diagnosis and guidance of thrombolysis or thrombectomy. However, it has limitations such as the inability to provide rapid detection, distinguish etiologies, perform risk stratification, or enable dynamic monitoring. Therefore, rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive biomarkers hold significant clinical value. In recent years, rapid advancements in genetics and multi-omics technologies have not only driven the discovery of ischemic stroke biomarkers and the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms but also demonstrated broad application prospects in clinical translation-covering etiological subtyping, individual risk stratification and screening of high-risk populations, drug target identification, recurrence prediction, and prognostic assessment. These advances have laid a molecular foundation for achieving precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of ischemic stroke. This review summarizes biomarkers for ischemic stroke identified through genome-wide association study and multi-omics technologies. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the biological mechanisms of ischemic stroke and their clinical applications.
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