Fertility Management After Tubal-Preserving Surgery for a Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Fallopian Tube

Mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare, with no reports existing on infertility treatment following its surgical removal. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma identified within the right fallopian tube during laparoscopic surgery, with only the tumor resected while preserving the tube. Three-month postoperative hysterosalpingography showed preserved tubal patency, but contrast agent retention in the pelvic cavity was noted during the delayed phase, suggesting peritubal adhesions. Subsequent timed intercourse failed to result in pregnancy, leading to in vitro fertilization. Laparoscopy prior to embryo transfer confirmed hydrosalpinx, prompting right salpingectomy. Clinical pregnancy was achieved following frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer performed 2 months postoperatively. The pregnancy progressed well and resulted in delivery at term. Even when tubal preservation is chosen for mature cystic tubal teratoma, normal tubal function may not necessarily be maintained. Therefore, early postoperative hysterosalpingography and prompt laparoscopic evaluation with appropriate surgical intervention if abnormalities are detected are useful for improving subsequent infertility treatment outcomes.